THE EYE OF PROVIDENCE

Unifying Gravity with Electromagnetism


Albert Einstein is credited with having unified the force of gravity with the electro-magnetic force, but this is not entirely accurate. While he did manage to prove that gravity bends light (space-time) around heavy objects, he was unable to account for what gives these objects their mass, in the first place. The current theory suggests that there is an energy field (the Higgs Field) which perturbs the motion of particles through space and time, slowing them down and making them massive. The discovery of the Higgs Boson will allow physicists to fully unify gravity and electro-magnetism together with the weak and strong interactive forces. In short, it will supply the necessary ingredient towards a Grand Unified Theory of everything.


In this post, I would like to present my working theory of how gravity and electro-magnetism arise out of the Higgs Field with the use of interactive visual displays. In the case of a large body, like the Earth, motion through the Higgs Field creates its mass, which in turn creates its gravity well. I submit that the interaction between the resulting gravity well and the Higgs Field goes on to produce the electro-magnetic field around the Earth. This occurs in two ways, one for the electrical force, and another for the magnetic. I will focus on the magnetic force first.

The Earth's gravity field can be represented as a series of lines (world lines) converging on a single point. Actually it is a bit more complicated then that, but the above illustration will help to serve the point.


As we know from the last post, the Higgs Field can be depicted as a series of horizontal lines that exist across space and time. By the same token, the rasterized pixels on your computer screen can be seen to represent the omnipresent Higgs field. As you scroll up and down through this page, notice how the radial lines of the image interact with the horizontal/rasterised lines of your computer screen to create a moire pattern that embodies the characteristic field lines of the magnetic field. The faster you move it the more pronounced are these seeming field lines. I propose that what you are seeing is an accurate simulation of how a gravitational field would behave whilst moving with respect to the Higgs Field. Try it again with this image.

Now click on a non-responsive part of your browsers and move it side to side across you computer screen. This will help you to see the effect more clearly. Moving the browser window in wide circles shows a rotating moire pattern. The tighter the circles become the less intense the field and the more disorganised the pattern appears.


Physics is all about finding underlying causes to the fundamental forces, and this is exactly what I am doing here. If this visual effect can seriously be considered to form an underlying cause to the creation of the Earth's magnetic field, then we can proffer a number of statements about the production and behavior of the field itself:


Firstly, the field can be said to be produced by the interaction of the hyperbolic curvature of gravity with the holographic grating of the Higgs Field, which – as I explained in the last post – is intrinsically linked with time. This suggests some kind of closed feedback loop, where the energy of any truly large object (e.g. the Earth) is converted into mass via its interaction with the Higgs Field; which in turn produces a gravity field that reciprocates with the Higgs Field to produce the magnetic field of the Earth.


Secondly, continuous observations of the Earth's magnetic field reveal it to be moving. This motion has been accelerating in recent years, and scientist assume that this means that a pole shift is underway. However, they do not claim to understand what drives these periodic shifts in the orientation of the magnetic field. The above interactive displays would suggest that these magnetic flips are due to the relative motion of the Earth's gravity field with respect to the Higgs Field. Also the strength of the magnetic field is dependent on how fast it is moving with respect to this field.
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Thirdly, if gravity is capable of producing an electro-magnetic field around the Earth, in conjunction with the Higgs Field (which is analogous to space-time) then gravity must be electric in nature. Why? For the simple reason that the only thing that gives rise to a magnetic field is an electric one. This should be of no surprise to us as Einstein already proved a link between gravity and the electromagnetic forces, nearly 100 years ago.
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Einstein realised that gravity had the ability to slow down  time, and that this effect was subject to the strength of the field. Gravity is always strongest on the surface of a any object (like the Earth) with its strength trailing off the further you travel from the Earth and self-negating at the core of the planet. Thus time flows faster in the upper atmosphere and in the core than it does at sea level. I propose that these time differentials between the different areas of the Earth's gravitic field, as it rotates, produce an electro-kinetic charge differential.


There are a number of reasons why this might occur. The first one is intuitive, suggesting that the energy differentials of different areas of rotating space and time interacting with one another produce charges which are then as much the creation of the temporal sphere as they are of the physical processes of the three spacial dimensions. A practical consideration might be that the relativistic effect of time contraction may give electrically charged bodies in the upper atmosphere (for example) more time to act upon the lower levels where time moves more slowly.


As a visual aid to the above concepts, take a look at this informative video on how the dots operate on a DJ's turntable operate.
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The modular periodicy of the dots create a laterally expanding pattern when under rotation. When the pitch fader is at zero location the row of big dots appears to be stationary. However, above and below it the dots are moving off in opposite directions. This is similar to the way that time passes slower on the Earth's surface and quicker above and below it. The strobe light can be thought of as analogous to the flicker-rate of the holographic grating of the Higgs Field (see last post).

We can think of gravity as an electro-kinetic force created out of the energy differentials of curved space time. This goes a long way to explain such electrical atmospheric phenomena, such as sprites, as well as the fly-by anomaly observed by research satellites in recent decades.
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Knowledge of gravity's relationship to electricity has been known about for sometime. In particular the work of T.T. Brown, who coined the phrase electro-gravitics to explain the unnatural ability of electricity to defy the power of gravity (see Lifter Technology). For those who do not believe that lifters can defy gravity, I present this video of a lifter in a vacuum chamber at NASA. For those who are skeptical about the idea that gravity is related in anyway to electricity I urge you to consider that the object of the Grand Unified Field Theory is to show that these, and all other forces, are all aspects of the one force.

This concludes my presentation of the Unification of Gravity with Electromagnetics.

STELLAR OBSCURA

Black Hole Quantum Gravity Theorem

In order for a theory of quantum gravity to work in needs to be able to deal with gravitational singularities on the quantum scale. In my post, Hyperbolic Perspective and Quantum Gravity I outlined a theory which describes how gravity works on very small scales, but it is clear that something else is needed entirely for it to describe a gravitational singularity on the quantum scale.

The Inter-Dimensional Merry-go-Round

In the wake of his discoveries - regarding length contraction at speeds approaching that of light - the world renowned physicist Albert Einstein attempted to unify this concept with the gravitational spin of the Earth. He knew that the surface of the Earth rotated much faster than its core, and this meant that it must also undergo a more pronounced length contraction. The object he used to imagine this type of geometric contraction was the merry-go-round. He proposed that if a merry-go-round were to spin at very high-speeds, the outer-edge of the disk would undergo a length contraction forcing its edges to curve upward. From this he deduced that space itself was curving and this led to his Theory of General Relativity.

Just as a black hole warps space to an extreme degree we can imagine a merry-go-round that is spinning so fast that the resulting curvature warps it into a sphere. Shifting an object from one dimension into another higher dimension is an excercise in trans-dimensional geometry, which is exactly what we have done here, taking a flat 2-dimensional disk (merry-go-round) and turning it into a 3-dimensional sphere.

In the case of a super-massive star that is about to turn into a black hole, we need to imagine that we are taking a 3D sphere and transforming it into a 4D sphere.

As the star shrinks its surface is becoming more and more length contracted, which corresponds with an increase in the degree of space-time curvature and thusly in gravity. Although we can deduce from this that gravity is at its strongest with respect to the surface of an object, we also know that the force of gravity continues, as in the case of the Earth, down through the mantel to some degree until a null-point is reached at the core. It should be apparent, therefore, that the quantum singularity of a black hole is not 'the centre' of anything, but is in fact only that region of the gravitational field which corresponds to the surface of the star. This means that the entire surface of the super-massive star along with its gravitational field has turned in on itself, and its entire surface area (or circumference) has been reduced to zero. 

You might be wondering where the mass of the star has gone that produces these gravitational effects.When a star collapses it can be said that its entire mass is undergoing a length contraction, in all 3 dimensions. This is a Special Relativistic effect, which implies that the mass of the star is accelerating towards a central point, faster and faster. It reaches the speed of light (the event horizon) and then necessarily exceeds it. Once the star reaches twice the speed of light (at the plank scale) it turns itself inside out, resulting in the gravitational singularity. This effect is known as length expansion and is dealt with in the post titled Direct Relativity.

From then on the singularity can be described as an aperture into the 4th dimension. This is just like the aperture of a camera, or more accurately a camera obscura. In a camera obscura, light is allowed into a receptacle through only one point of entry (the size of a pin-hole). This has the effect of focusing the light at oblique angles creating an inverted (up-side down) image on the back of the black-out receptacle. A gravitational singularity has the exact same effect on the stars mass, only - by virtue of it being a 3-dimensional aperture - it turns the star inside out as well as upside down. In this way the singularity can be seen as a twist in the fabric of space-time, occurring at the Plank Scale.

Although a singularity cannot be said to have any sides, for the sake of argument (and common sense) lets imagine that an asteroid is being dragged towards the right-hand side of a black hole. From a holistic point of view i.e. one that spans all dimensions, the asteroid is actually being dragged towards the left-hand side of the star's mass, because the singularity has inverted the stars orientation. This type of inversion is what makes it reminiscent of the camera obscura.

In Hyperbolic Perspective and Quantum Gravity, I used a hyperbolic tiling to express how quantum particles, which are under a high degree of magnification, do not exhibit a noticeable degree of hyperbolic distortion (i.e. gravity). This same image could be used to describe a cross-section of the Earth's gravitational field; in which the bulk of space-time curvature is perceived at the edges and dead-space or null-point seen at the core. In order to create a singularity, all we need to do is invert the hyperbolic curvature. 

However, this still does not help us visualise where the star's mass has gone and what is taking place in the fourth dimension. In order to do that I will reduce the number of dimensions down and flatten out space into just 2 dimensions. The grey areas, which denote empty space are merely the result of flattening out the 3-4 D environment out into a 2D image. Such artifacts are regularly observed in map projections, when trying to reduce the curvature of the earth into a 2-d image. As in the case with the map projections no such areas of empty space really exist and motion from one area of space to another can be achieved without undue effort. This then is the fundamental domain of a black hole.

Here we see that the lines of force generated by the gravitational field of the star are being inverted through the singularity at the Plank Scale. What this tells us is that the boundary plain to the four dimensional universe is the 2D limit of the Plank Scale. To understand this same diagram from the point of view of the star in the 4th dimension we need to invert the image. I find this image to have striking correlation to a torus, or a flower. Marko Rodin would say that this is significant. I tend to agree, but I won't be dealing with exactly why this is so until a later date.

So you might be wondering, what is so new about this? Well, physicists generally assume that the mass of the star, while being compacted to an infinite density, remains in this dimension. Others (Marko Rodin for one) have supposed that the singularity may be a gate-way to another dimensions, whereupon the black hole shifts output to produce a white hole. I maintain that when the stars mass falls into the fourth dimension it remains in a static condition; for the obvious reason that there would not be enough mass to support the singularity otherwise.

The reason why the time does not impinge upon it is to do with relativistic laws, but more importantly, because in the 4th dimension time becomes space - and space becomes time. The only way that the star can gain or loose mass (not likely) is through its interaction with the 3D time-based universe. But if the black hole is frozen in time, does that not mean that it should be left behind, as time moves on in our Universe? It should, but because space acts like time in the 4th dimension the mass of the star is continuously dragged along into our time-frame of reference.

The fact that the fourth dimension is intrinsic to the geometry of singularities has been known about in the computer gaming industry for decades. This industry uses a 4-dimensional algebra set, known as the quaternions, to create smooth graphics and to allow for uninterrupted rotations around a 3-D environment. Without the use of the quaternions something known as Gimbal Lock occurs, which is basically defined as a singularity. This means that from a fourth dimensional perspective the singularity does not exist. Refer to the previous two diagrams.

If it has been known that quaternions, and therefor the fourth dimension, are intrinsic to the production and erasure of singularities, then why do physicists insist on thinking of the black hole as being something which exists in our dimension alone? Mathematicians have noted that quaternions/octonions are primarily spatial representations and therefore do not include time as a part of their framework. But I think that they are missing the point. There is no real fourth dimensional space, in my opinion, 4-d space looks exactly like 3-d space only we have swapped one of the spatial dimensions for a time dimension – see post; Within the Octonions for a fuller explanation of this.

As a final way to visualise what is taking place with the stars mass, take another look at the video of the rotating tesseract. Imagine that small cube at the centre of the structure is the uncollapsed star. Then, as the cube rotates, notice how it becomes distorted (length contracted) and finally turns itself inside out.

HYPERBOLIC PERSPECTIVE AND QUANTUM GRAVITY

One of the problems that physicists have in uniting gravity and the quantum realm is that gravity does not appear to interact with particles (like electrons) on small scales. Mathematicians and physicists, when dealing with this force on such a scale, often have to utilize infinities in their equations to express the domain of countless other particles that exist in the vicinity of their particle model. 

My solution to the problem of how to unify the concept of gravity with the particle realm is simplistic and geometric, and for this reason, utilises almost no mathematics. The solution to this problem can be stated in one word; perspective.

When a particle (like an electron) is directly in your field of view, it will appear much greater in size than all of the other particles stretching off into infinity in any given mathematician's model. Furthermore, it will occupy the central position of your frame of reference (your field of view).

From a geometric consideration, perspective is no different from gravity on these scales. Gravity is the result of the combined mass of millions upon millions of particles. It is also, according to Einstein, the equivalent to the curvature of space-time. This curvature consists of more than 3 dimensions and is thus a hyperbolic curvature.

The Poincare disk is a Euclidean description of hyperbolic space. The area in the centre of the disk is closest to you, while the areas at the periphery are receding off into the distance. Notice how the shapes (in this case a mixture of octagons and pentagons) become more distorted as they recede, while the same shapes in the centre of the disk display little or no distortion whatsoever. This is Hyperbolic Perspective.

By combined these observations with what we know of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity we arrive at the understanding that the closer you are to an object on the quantum scale the less hyperbolic distortion (gravity) can be seen to have a noticeable effect. The sea of particles on the periphery must have a combined gravitational field which distorts space-time, and this is exactly what we see at the periphery of the Poincare disk where the effects of the hyperbolic curvature are most notable.  It, therefore, follows that trying to observe the effect of the distortions of gravity on a particle (for example), while directly observing this same particle, is a kin to trying to catch a glimpse of the back of your head in a mirror; something I am sure many of us have tried as children. Just as in Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle, whereby the observer changes the reality, I believe our observations of the minute areas of space-time effectively flatten out the incumbent distortion making the force of gravity appear redundant, when in fact it is every bit as prevalent as any other region of the hyperbolic curvature.

In order to directly observe how gravity distorts particles across the board, we would have to manufacture a type of imaging technique which would take into account oblique light rays whilst directly observing the object. A possible contender for such a technique would be something along the lines the work of photographer Vincenzo Giovanni Ruello, and his Theory of Angular Filming.

The entire theory as outlined in this post can also be, briefly, stated in terms of Scale Relativity (Sc.R.). According to my own version of Sc.R. zooming in on a particle is equivalent to slowing down and/or stopping. Conversely this means that everything at the periphery appears accelerated, and therefore under the influence of gravity, as deemed by Einstein's GR. 

You will notice that this theory deals with scales roughly down to the size of an electron, for scales below that and down towards the Plank Scale, a new theory is likely to be needed. This theory I hope to outline in subsequent pages of Direct Relativity. That post is now available at;

http://directrelativity.blogspot.com/2012/02/in-order-for-theory-of-quantum-gravity.html